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The Castle of the Teutonic order in Malbork (Poland)
- The castle in Malbork is gothic in style and was built between 1274 and 1457 by the knights of the Teutonic Order, who received the land as a gift from a Polish-Masovian duke. It remains one of the biggest European medieval castles. Since it served as a fortress, it was constructed in a very strategic location: on a peninsula, surrounded by the Nogat River on two sides. Every july the people of Malbork stage the historical Battle of Grunwald re-enaction here, commemorating the totemic conflict that took place between the Teutonic knights and the Poles for control of the county in 1410.
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MALBORK – PART 1
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Residing on a nearly 21 hectares of land, Malbork Castle [1-6] is the biggest castle – indeed the biggest brick building – in all of Europe.
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Its history dates back to the early 13th century, when the Polish duke Konrad of Mazury agreed to let the Teutonic Knights [7-8], an order of German Crusaders, build a series of monasteries across northern Poland that would double up as defensive strongholds for this distant periphery of Christendom. Dispensing with the painstaking but rather more Christian strategy of conversion attempted by Polish & Czech missionaries, the Knights proceeded to ‘Christianize’ the pagan lands to Poland’s north-east by simply slaughtering the native Prussians (Lithuanians).
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In 1274 they began to construct a mighty stronghold on the shore of the Nogat River. From this favourable location they collected river tolls from passing ships & controlled the lucrative amber trade, a cornerstone of nearby Gdańsk’s economy.
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In 1308 the Teutonic Order moved their capital from Venice to Malbork, meaning that from now on their Grand Master was elected & resided there. As the Knights’ numbers grew, so did the castle, at one point housing 3,000 ‘brothers in arms’. This vast complex was heated via a central heating system &, despite the austere lifestyle, its interior was strikingly decorated – the Meeting Room, for example, was painted in a brilliant green paint made from rare crustacea. Guests from around Europe converged at Malbork to enjoy lavish feasts, hunts, tournaments & other medieval entertainment.
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After the 1410 Battle of Grunwald [9], in which the Order suffered a devastating defeat at the hands of Polish-Lithuanian forces, the Polish king Władysław Jagiełło followed the surviving Knights back to their fortress. Despite a two-month siege complete with cannon fire, the brick behemoth managed to hold out… but in 1457 Marlbork was finally captured by the Poles, thanks in part to the betrayal of the Knights by their Czech Hussite allies. King Kazimierz IV Jagiellon’s triumphant entry into the supposedly impenetrable fortress signalled the end of the Order’s glory days & centuries of Polish domination to come [10].
Grunwaldfest 2018⚔ ------------------------------------------
Ph: @chorniyoleh_photographer @a7.studio
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