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What do fruit flies, frogs, mice, and E.coli have in common
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They are all model organisms!! What is a model organism you might ask♀️ They are non human organisms that allow researchers to study various processes. Depending on what you wish to study , different model organisms may be suitable for the job. Other model organisms include, zebrafish, wheat, locusts, yeast, and worms !
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They are termed “model” because they allow us to understand human disorders or processes without the intrusiveness (and borderline ethically questionable nature) of working in actual humans.
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For example, in our lab we use the African Clawed frog eggs to study ion-channel proteins found in parasitic worms, since they are single cells. OR , organisms like worms can regrow amputated body parts, and therefore are great for studying tissue regeneration.
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Mice on the other hand are perfect for studying human disease, since they develop to maturity much quicker than humans do, and thus the disease onset happens sooner. Technology has allowed us to basically generate mice that model any human disease, from cancer, to diabetes, to Alzheimer’s, and more!
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Have you heard of the use of animal models before? Do you work with a model organism in your research? Drop some names down below !
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[]: @infinitestorylines
This is how a scientist decorates a table ♀️.
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Back at it again with a “If scientists act like home decor bloggers”! Who else is obsessed with watching home decor bloggers♀️ There is something about seeing an empty table or room come to life, piece by piece.
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Drop a suggestions down below for what my next series should be! Science is fun - don’t have to be all serious all the time.
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I can’t believe it’s been 3 years already!
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Thank you Facebook for sharing this memory with me from 3 years ago, when I graduated my Bachelor of Education. Boy, has time FLOWN by!
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The program I got accepted into in my undergraduate was a 5 year, double degree program. The first 4 years I completed my Bachelor of Science and the 5th year I completed my Bachelor of Education. When I was wrapping up my B.Sc I contemplated so hard on whether I wanted to still complete the 5th year OR go directly into grad school♀️. The idea of spending a year not dedicated to grad school made me feel like I was going to finish too late, or waste time reaching my ultimate goal…
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Let’s just say I am super happy that I decided to complete my B.Ed. I always wanted to be teacher, and even though formal educational training is not required for teaching at the post-secondary level, it still provides a HUGE foundation for being an effective professor.
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Not to mention- Learning how to teach high school students complex science topics, really helped me better my skills as a science communicator here.
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MORAL OF THE STORY- more education is never a bad thing, if it contributes to your long-term goals in life. Never feel scarred that you are wasting time, there is always going to be time for you to achieve your dream, you just gotta go for it!
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Have you ever hit a crossroad like this in your life, where you contemplated not doing something, but ended up doing it and being content in the end? Let’s share these stories and celebrate our achievement together!
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Nicotine and the brain .
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Happy Tuesday everyone!! I hope you had a wonderful weekend and are amped for a new week! Last week I did a post about where nicotine came from, and surprised you all with it’s pesticidal properties. Today I would like to touch on a few of the pathways involved when nicotine enters the human body.
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Upon inhalation (or chewing), nicotine quickly enters the blood stream and travels to the central nervous system (CNS). This happens really QUICK, within 10 seconds of initial consumption.
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In the brain, nicotine acts on nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR). These receptors are ion channels, allowing the flow of ions through them to transduce a signal (you can think of these as messages) when a stimulus is present. These channels are normally activated by endogenous acetylcholine and are involved in many cognitive functions like memory, arousal, motor control and reward.
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Stimulation of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors also results in the release of a variety of neurotransmitters in the brain, most importantly dopamine☝. Dopamine is involved in reward pathways and is what provides the pleasurable experience when one smokes a cigarette . Dopamine is the critical culprit responsible for all drug-induced reward and pleasure people feel.
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Dopamine is also released when people carry out satisfying tasks , like checking off items on a list! Pretty neat eh
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Do you have any cool nicotine facts to share with me Have you worked with nicotine in the lab? I’d love to hear about your research!
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[]: @infinitestorylines
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Ever wonder “How in the world did this person get into college or into a PhD program?” The probable answer: Money! One of the hardest realities that was made apparent in my PhD experience was that academia was big business. Research priorities, new construction, athletics, it seems like everything revolves around money. Therefore I am not that surprised about this recent college admissions scandal, but it doesn’t make me any less outraged. As I learn more about the scandal, I’m not really concerned about who is involved but moreso the long term implications of such a scheme. I’ve been thinking about how long have these scams been in place and how the unforeseen consequences impact snuffed students beyond admissions. For example, did that more qualified student get a half scholarship instead of a full? Did they take out loans or work to cover any unmet needs? Did that student develop imposter syndrome and in result suffer psychological distress? (IP has been positively correlated with anxiety, depression, and minority student status stress). Did the under qualified student continue on in higher ed and perhaps took my spot in a lab or worse, is teaching me? The FBI isn’t interested in answering these questions, and we will never find out the answer, but to build a better academy (and to get a piece of this lawsuit money that’s about to be dished out) I think it is worthwhile to explore how far reaching the impact of such negligent behaviors has on all of academia. I have much more to say, but I wanna know what yall think about Becky and her rich friends’ scheme to get their kids into top colleges? : .
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Where did NICOTINE come from
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This week I am conducting experiments that require me to test nicotine on my receptors. INSTANTLY the smell of this bottle came to my mind (not a good smell I should add), and it got me thinking that it’s not often we see nicotine in its pure form. You could probably guess, pure nicotine smells like a super old wet ash tray. Today I would like to talk more about the discovery of nicotine in nature, and less about what we Canadians call “darts”.
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SO….Where did nicotine come from? Well, Nicotine is a natural alkaloid (compound) produced by the tobacco plant (Nicotiana tabacum). Nicotine was first discovered due to its insecticidal properties. What’s so fascinating about nicotine, is that the tobacco plant produces it to protect its self from herbaceous insect predators. Essentially having its own defense mechanism to prevent critters from eating it♀️.
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Nicotine mimics the action of the endogenous neurotransmitter, acetylcholine (the compound I study). Thus, it acts on nicotinic acetylcholine receptors found in the nervous system of organisms. For Insects, this is SUPER BAD news since its interactions in the nervous system are quite toxic and fatal☠️. As a result, nicotine was first introduces as a natural insecticide as far back as the early 1800s!!! Since then, its use in the common day cigarette has risen.
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You might be wondering at this point, “If nicotine is toxic to insects, why isn’t it toxic to humans?” Well, turns out, low doses of nicotine actually do the opposite in people, where it acts as a moderate stimulant in our nervous systems☝. Nicotine also interacts with many other pathways, including dopamine, insulin, and adrenaline! Stay tuned for my next post where I outline the different pathways for nicotine in the brain!
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I guess it’s time for me to go make some stock dilutions of nicotine for my experiments. Wish me luck!! Did you know that nicotine is a natural insecticide Did you find this as fascinating as I did? Let me know!
Today I successfully defended my dissertation proposal! This is a major milestone towards completing a doctoral degree. It means that I’m one step closer!
Year 3 was quite the challenge. I had comps to pass fall + a proposal to write and defend in the spring (in the midst of my other obligations) — so I am super excited to have successfully PHinisheD this part of the process!
Being a full time doctoral student, with a full-time career & opening a yoga studio had me at points of breakdown, feeling overwhelmed and wanting to give in. BUT GOD definitely showed out. Okurrr!
Next up is interviewing phenomenal women around the country, transcribing, synthesizing, writing — so much— but it’s all part of the process! Year 4, let’s go!
Topic: Undergraduate Black Women Activists during #BlackLivesMatter : An Oral History Project
Signed: Tamisha J. Ponder, A.B.D.
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