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When we believe, we must believe because it makes sense to believe in that thing. Typically this stems from empirical observation.. science, religious experience, recorded history... we heavily rely on each other for evidence of what is true. Of course, knowing this also admits that there are probably some pitfalls to our systematic observation being that people are not perfect. Nonetheless, we still have to have faith that our system works in order to move forward. Pragmatism. And when we believe in something it is because the combination of these things provides us with enough reason to have an additional faith from the system to the belief. .
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Se hoje estivesse vivo, Hume completaria 307 anos. Hume ficou conhecido por levar ao extremo o ceticismo – entendido como a suspensão de julgamento diante de questões sem verdade. Em suas obras, o filósofo escocês suspendia as certezas até mesmo diante daquilo que parecia ser experimental. Com ele, a questão já não é saber se existe ou não uma substância, um Deus ou uma alma. O fundamental é descobrir a gênese de nossas crenças. Exerceu grande influência nas obras de Nietzsche e Kant.
Saiba mais sobre a vida e filosofia de Hume no Especial do Guia do Estudante: Acesse: guiadoestudante.abril.com.br
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Todo lo señalado hasta el momento tiene mucha relación con lo que bien podemos denominar "principio de causalidad", el mismo que para Hume tiene una interpretación particular.
Solemos observar una diversidad de causas y efectos: ante un golpe fuerte al vidrio este se rompe por ejemplo. Al observar ello se nos queda la "impresión" y generamos la "idea" de que ante un golpe en el vidrio siempre se romperá (los concepto de impresión e idea se explican en publicaciones anteriores). Ahora bien, Hume se pregunta qué tal cierto es esto, si en verdad existe una necesidad, es decir, si necesariamente cada vez que haga algo (en el caso golpear el vidrio) ello tendrá un efecto conocido (romperse el vidrio). Él nos dice que no, que creemos la existencia de una consecuencia necesaria porque la repetición de actos similares nos lleva a creer ello, pero no siempre es así; no podemos "predecir" el futuro.
Imaginemos que el vidrio está reforzado y con el golpe no se rompe, pues habrá fallado aquella necesidad, por lo que allí vuelve la experiencia para observar y sacar nuevas conclusiones, así sucesivamente. Un constante empirismo. .
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“Beauty in things exists in the mind which contemplates them.” – David Hume, “Of the Standard of Taste”, Essays, Moral, Political, and Literary
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“The life of man is of no greater importance to the universe than that of an oyster.” – David Hume, On Suicide
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Voltaire famously said “We look to Scotland for all our ideas of civilization.” He was underscoring the importance of the Scottish Enlightenment on politics, economics and philosophy. More recently the Scottish-American comedian Craig Ferguson joked that Scotland is indeed the intellectual birthplace of the modern world. And then challenged people to look it up. If you visit Edinburgh’s Royal Mile you’ll see a statue (pictured) in front of St Giles Cathedral of what looks like a Greek philosopher. It’s actually David Hume, one of the most influential figures of the Scottish Enlightenment. Touch his toe, as many have done since the statue was placed in the late 1990’s, for good luck. Which is sort of ironic if you’ve ever read his essay on superstition which declares that “Weakness, fear, melancholy, together with ignorance, are, therefore, the true sources of superstition.”
“Nothing is more surprising than the easiness with which the many are governed by the few.” – David Hume, Essays, Moral, Political, and Literary
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