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Local Anaesthetics
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Local anaesthetics (LAs) are drugs that bind to sodium channels (holding them in an inactive state) to prevent sodium influx, which in turn inhibits depolarisation and action potential generation. This leads to blockade of nerve impulses (e.g. those mediating pain, touch, temperature and proprioception) to the brain.
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LAs are weak bases and are mostly ionised at physiological pH 7.4. The non-ionised (free base) form enters the nerve cell via diffusion (hydrophobic pathway). Once inside the cell, the mostly ionised (charged/active) form blocks the sodium channel from the intracellular side. The charged form can also enter open sodium channels (hydrophilic pathway) to block the sodium channels. — — — — — — — — — —
Sodium channels exist in three states: closed, inactivated or open. Local anaesthetics can bind to closed non-activated channels (tonic inhibition), or to open/inactivated channels (phasic inhibition). — — — — — — — — — —
The type of bond connecting the lipophilic moiety to the amine group is important to LA function. Amino esters include cocaine, benzocaine, procaine, tetracaine and chloroprocaine. Amino amides include lidocaine, prilocaine, mepivacaine, bupivacaine and levobupivacaine.
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Uses: surgery, dentistry, ophthalmology and in other procedures in which temporary relief of pain is warranted. Some can be used to treat cardiac arrhythmias because of their action on cardiac sodium channels.
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#pharmacy #medicine #pharmacology #localanesthesia #cocaine #lidocaine #medchem #medicinalchemistry
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Post-purification crystals❄
#brglab #purification #crystals #lookattheblue #ikaworldwide #medchem #organicchemistry #phdlife #sciencefashion #flash #chromatography #drugdesing #isolab #synthesisdevelopment #academia #pharmacist #medchemlab #organicblue #lookatthegreen #isolab #isolabturkiye
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Extraction
#chemistry #phdlife #medicinalchemistry
#brglab #lookattheblue #ikaworldwide #medchem #organicchemistry #phdlife #sciencefashion #drugdesing #isolab #synthesisdevelopment #academia #pharmacist #medchemlab #organicblue #lookatthegreen #isolab #isolabturkiye @ikaworldwide
This meme of the week via @ainslie_lab had me cracking up today... in the world of ID one time I think of large molecules is with high MIC MRSA and #vancomycin. (()) Thickening of the bacterial wall (more peptidoglycan layers) can raise an #MRSA MIC to vanco (and dapto). Thicker cell wall = harder for big molecules to get down in there to exert their mechanism. #Microbiology #Chemistry #Medchem #Biochem #Pharmacy #pharmschool #pharmacist #infectiousdiseases #nursepractitioner #physicianassistant #IDstewardship
⚛Shared from @jchem • • • • • •
Extracting iodine from a mini aqueous reaction using chloroform. .
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#chemistry #chemlab #ochem #organicchemistry #organicsynthesis #synthesis #science #PhD #phdlife #quimica #research #university #nanotechnology #biochemistry #colorsofchemistry #chemie #pharmacy #medchem #instascience #lookattheblue #realtimechem #CENchempics #learnchemistry #doseofchemistry #greenchemistry #simbauq #oddlysatisfying
This is what happens when the recrystallization happens waaaay too fast #recrystallizationwednesday
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#organicchemistry #chemistry #science #gradschool #ochem #research #chemistryresearch #biochemistry #chemlab #medchem #university #uni #picoftheday #lab #crystals #colorfulchemistry #pharmacy #instaphoto #instascience #quimica #scicomm #stem #lookattheblue #womeninstem